SYNOPSIS
strings
[
strings [
DESCRIPTION
The strings utility displays strings of printable characters found in the specified files. These strings are at least four characters long and must be terminated by a NUL character or a newline. If you specify a file name of - or no file names at all, strings reads the standard input. This utility finds interesting pieces of information in binary files. It is frequently used for looking through executable files to uncover copyright notices, error messages, undocumented features, and so on.
Options
-a -
examines all of an executable file; normally strings ignores the header and the symbol table. On systems with sufficient information in executable files to differentiate code from data, the code is normally ignored as well.
-N -
considers extended ASCII characters (mostly European accented characters and punctuation) as printable. If the top bit of a character is set, it is normally disqualified as a printable character.
-n number-
displays strings of printable characters that are at least number characters in length.
-o -
displays each string with its octal offset within the file. This is the same as
-t o. -p -
only examines the bottom seven bits of each character.
-s seclist-
specifies a comma-separated list of file sections to search for strings. Each item in the list is case-insensitive and can be one of the following:
TEXT read only code and static strings (of absolute origin) DATA initialized data (of absolute origin) BSS uninitialized data SYM symbol table RELT read only code and static strings (of run-time relocatable origin) RELD initialized data (of run-time relocatable origin) STACK function call stack OTHER any other type of section
You can specify multiple
-s options. All seclist values are treated as if they were specified in a single list.When
-s is not specified, the value of the TK_STRINGS_DEFAULT_SECTIONS determines which sections are searched. When that variable is unset, the DATA section is searched by default. -t format-
displays each string with an offset within the file. The base of the offset is set to decimal, octal, or hexadecimal by specifying format as d, o, or x, respectively.
-U [b |B |l |L ]-
searches for and displays strings of 16-bit Unicode characters.
By default, strings assumes that Unicode characters are little-endian. If a byte-order marker is present, that is used to determine the byte order for the characters. You can force Unicode characters to be treated as big-endian by specifying
-Ub or-UB . Similarly, you can force them to be treated as little-endian by specifying-Ul or-UL .This option cannot be used with
-p or-N . -x -
displays each string with its hexadecimal offset within the file. This is the same as
-t x. -z -
ignores the POSIX definition of a string, and searches for any group of printable characters greater than four in length.
- -
is the obsolete version of
-a . - number-
is the obsolete version of
-n number.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
- TK_STRINGS_DEFAULT_SECTIONS
-
contains a comma-separated list of file sections to search for strings. Each item in the list is case-insensitive and can be one of the following:
TEXT read only code and static strings (of absolute origin) DATA initialized data (of absolute origin) BSS uninitialized data SYM symbol table RELT read only code and static strings (of run-time relocatable origi n) RELD initialized data (of run-time relocatable origin) STACK function call stack OTHER any other type of section
When no
-s is specified, the value of this environment variable determines which sections are searched. When it is unset, the DATA section is searched by default.
DIAGNOSTICS
Possible exit status values are:
PORTABILITY
POSIX.2. x/OPEN Portability Guide 4.0. Windows 10. Windows Server 2016. Windows Server 2019. Windows 11. Windows Server 2022. Windows Server 2025.
A Berkeley addition to most UNIX systems. Most Berkeley versions do not require the terminating NUL or newline.
The
NOTE
NUL-terminated strings are a convention used primarily by the C programming language. Other languages and programs may not terminate strings with a newline or NUL. The strings utility does not find these strings.
WARNING
By default, the strings utility begins its
search at the data segment where the programs store initialized data.
In bundled (dual-mode) executables, such as found on Windows systems
or any executable format which stores data in an unconventional location,
strings may perform an incomplete search.
In these cases, use the
AVAILABILITY
PTC MKS Toolkit for System Administrators
PTC MKS Toolkit for Developers
PTC MKS Toolkit for Interoperability
PTC MKS Toolkit for Professional Developers
PTC MKS Toolkit for Professional Developers 64-Bit Edition
PTC MKS Toolkit for Enterprise Developers
PTC MKS Toolkit for Enterprise Developers 64-Bit Edition
PTC MKS Toolkit 10.5 Documentation Build 40.