| DBI::DBD::SqlEngine - Base class for DBI drivers without their own SQL engine |
DBI::DBD::SqlEngine - Base class for DBI drivers without their own SQL engine
package DBD::myDriver;
use base qw(DBI::DBD::SqlEngine);
sub driver
{
...
my $drh = $proto->SUPER::driver($attr);
...
return $drh->{class};
}
package DBD::myDriver::dr;
@ISA = qw(DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::dr);
sub data_sources { ... }
...
package DBD::myDriver::db;
@ISA = qw(DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::db);
sub init_valid_attributes { ... }
sub init_default_attributes { ... }
sub set_versions { ... }
sub validate_STORE_attr { my ($dbh, $attrib, $value) = @_; ... }
sub validate_FETCH_attr { my ($dbh, $attrib) = @_; ... }
sub get_myd_versions { ... }
sub get_avail_tables { ... }
package DBD::myDriver::st;
@ISA = qw(DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::st);
sub FETCH { ... }
sub STORE { ... }
package DBD::myDriver::Statement;
@ISA = qw(DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::Statement);
sub open_table { ... }
package DBD::myDriver::Table;
@ISA = qw(DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::Table);
sub new { ... }
DBI::DBD::SqlEngine abstracts the usage of SQL engines from the DBD. DBD authors can concentrate on the data retrieval they want to provide.
It is strongly recommended that you read the DBD::File::Developers manpage and the DBD::File::Roadmap manpage, because many of the DBD::File API is provided by DBI::DBD::SqlEngine.
Currently the API of DBI::DBD::SqlEngine is experimental and will likely change in the near future to provide the table meta data basics like DBD::File.
DBI::DBD::SqlEngine expects that any driver in inheritance chain has a DBI prefix.
The following attributes are handled by DBI itself and not by DBI::DBD::SqlEngine, thus they all work as expected:
Active
ActiveKids
CachedKids
CompatMode (Not used)
InactiveDestroy
AutoInactiveDestroy
Kids
PrintError
RaiseError
Warn (Not used)
Always on.
Works.
Valid after $sth->execute.
Valid after $sth->prepare.
Valid after $sth->execute; probably undef for Non-Select statements.
Not really working, always returns an array ref of ones, as DBD::CSV
does not verify input data. Valid after $sth->execute; undef for
non-select statements.
In addition to the DBI attributes, you can use the following dbh attributes:
Contains the module version of this driver (readonly)
Contains the module version of DBI::SQL::Nano (readonly)
Contains the module version of SQL::Statement, if available (readonly)
Contains the SQL Statement engine, either DBI::SQL::Nano or SQL::Statement (readonly).
Contains an instantiated instance of SQL::Parser (readonly). This is filled when used first time (only when used with SQL::Statement).
Contains an internally used DBD::Sponge handle (readonly).
Contains the list of valid attributes for each DBI::DBD::SqlEngine based driver (readonly).
Contains the list of those attributes which are readonly (readonly).
Contains how DBI::DBD::SqlEngine deals with non-quoted SQL identifiers:
* SQL_IC_UPPER (1) means all identifiers are internally converted
into upper-cased pendants
* SQL_IC_LOWER (2) means all identifiers are internally converted
into lower-cased pendants
* SQL_IC_MIXED (4) means all identifiers are taken as they are
These conversions happen if (and only if) no existing identifier matches. Once existing identifier is used as known.
The SQL statement execution classes doesn't have to care, so don't expect
sql_identifier_case affects column names in statements like
SELECT * FROM foo
Contains how DBI::DBD::SqlEngine deals with quoted SQL identifiers (readonly). It's fixated to SQL_IC_SENSITIVE (3), which is interpreted as SQL_IC_MIXED.
Contains additional flags to instantiate an SQL::Parser. Because an SQL::Parser is instantiated only once, it's recommended to set this flag before any statement is executed.
Controls the dialect understood by SQL::Parser. Possible values (delivery state of SQL::Statement):
* ANSI * CSV * AnyData
Defaults to ``CSV''. Because an SQL::Parser is instantiated only once and SQL::Parser doesn't allow one to modify the dialect once instantiated, it's strongly recommended to set this flag before any statement is executed (best place is connect attribute hash).
This value has a true value in case of this driver is operated via
the DBD::Gofer manpage. The impact of being operated via Gofer is a read-only
driver (not read-only databases!), so you cannot modify any attributes
later - neither any table settings. But you won't get an error in
cases you modify table attributes, so please carefully watch
sql_engine_in_gofer.
Private data area which contains information about the tables this module handles. Table meta data might not be available until the table has been accessed for the first time e.g., by issuing a select on it however it is possible to pre-initialize attributes for each table you use.
DBI::DBD::SqlEngine recognizes the (public) attributes col_names,
table_name, readonly, sql_data_source and sql_identifier_case.
Be very careful when modifying attributes you do not know, the consequence
might be a destroyed or corrupted table.
While sql_meta is a private and readonly attribute (which means, you
cannot modify it's values), derived drivers might provide restricted
write access through another attribute. Well known accessors are
csv_tables for the DBD::CSV manpage, ad_tables for the DBD::AnyData manpage and
dbm_tables for the DBD::DBM manpage.
Controls the class which will be used for fetching available tables.
See DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::TableSource for details.
Contains the class name to be used for opening tables.
See DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::DataSource for details.
The data_sources method returns a list of subdirectories of the current
directory in the form ``dbi:CSV:f_dir=$dirname''.
If you want to read the subdirectories of another directory, use
my ($drh) = DBI->install_driver ("CSV");
my (@list) = $drh->data_sources (f_dir => "/usr/local/csv_data");
This method returns a list of file names inside $dbh->{f_dir}. Example:
my ($dbh) = DBI->connect ("dbi:CSV:f_dir=/usr/local/csv_data");
my (@list) = $dbh->func ("list_tables");
Note that the list includes all files contained in the directory, even those that have non-valid table names, from the view of SQL.
The following methods are only available via their documented name when
DBI::DBD::SQlEngine is used directly. Because this is only reasonable for
testing purposes, the real names must be used instead. Those names can be
computed by replacing the sql_ in the method name with the driver prefix.
Signature:
sub sql_versions (;$) {
my ($table_name) = @_;
$table_name ||= ".";
...
}
Returns the versions of the driver, including the DBI version, the Perl version, DBI::PurePerl version (if DBI::PurePerl is active) and the version of the SQL engine in use.
my $dbh = DBI->connect ("dbi:File:";);
my $sql_versions = $dbh->func( "sql_versions" );
print "$sql_versions\n";
__END__
# DBI::DBD::SqlEngine 0.05 using SQL::Statement 1.402
# DBI 1.623
# OS netbsd (6.99.12)
# Perl 5.016002 (x86_64-netbsd-thread-multi)
Called in list context, sql_versions will return an array containing each line as single entry.
Some drivers might use the optional (table name) argument and modify version information related to the table (e.g. DBD::DBM provides storage backend information for the requested table, when it has a table name).
Signature:
sub sql_get_meta ($$)
{
my ($table_name, $attrib) = @_;
...
}
Returns the value of a meta attribute set for a specific table, if any. See the sql_meta manpage for the possible attributes.
A table name of "." (single dot) is interpreted as the default table.
This will retrieve the appropriate attribute globally from the dbh.
This has the same restrictions as $dbh->{$attrib}.
Signature:
sub sql_set_meta ($$$)
{
my ($table_name, $attrib, $value) = @_;
...
}
Sets the value of a meta attribute set for a specific table. See the sql_meta manpage for the possible attributes.
A table name of "." (single dot) is interpreted as the default table
which will set the specified attribute globally for the dbh.
This has the same restrictions as $dbh->{$attrib} = $value.
Signature:
sub sql_clear_meta ($)
{
my ($table_name) = @_;
...
}
Clears the table specific meta information in the private storage of the dbh.
Provides data sources and table information on database driver and database handle level.
package DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::TableSource;
sub data_sources ($;$)
{
my ( $class, $drh, $attrs ) = @_;
...
}
sub avail_tables
{
my ( $class, $drh ) = @_;
...
}
The data_sources method is called when the user invokes any of the
following:
@ary = DBI->data_sources($driver); @ary = DBI->data_sources($driver, \%attr); @ary = $dbh->data_sources(); @ary = $dbh->data_sources(\%attr);
The avail_tables method is called when the user invokes any of the
following:
@names = $dbh->tables( $catalog, $schema, $table, $type ); $sth = $dbh->table_info( $catalog, $schema, $table, $type ); $sth = $dbh->table_info( $catalog, $schema, $table, $type, \%attr );
$dbh->func( "list_tables" );
Every time where an \%attr argument can be specified, this \%attr
object's sql_table_source attribute is preferred over the $dbh
attribute or the driver default, eg.
@ary = DBI->data_sources("dbi:CSV:", {
f_dir => "/your/csv/tables",
# note: this class doesn't comes with DBI
sql_table_source => "DBD::File::Archive::Tar::TableSource",
# scan tarballs instead of directories
});
When you're going to implement such a DBD::File::Archive::Tar::TableSource
class, remember to add correct attributes (including sql_table_source
and sql_data_source) to the returned DSN's.
Provides base functionality for dealing with tables. It is primarily designed for allowing transparent access to files on disk or already opened (file-)streams (eg. for DBD::CSV).
Derived classes shall be restricted to similar functionality, too (eg. opening streams from an archive, transparently compress/uncompress log files before parsing them,
package DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::DataSource;
sub complete_table_name ($$;$)
{
my ( $self, $meta, $table, $respect_case ) = @_;
...
}
The method complete_table_name is called when first setting up the
meta information for a table:
"SELECT user.id, user.name, user.shell FROM user WHERE ..."
results in opening the table user. First step of the table open
process is completing the name. Let's imagine you're having a the DBD::CSV manpage
handle with following settings:
$dbh->{sql_identifier_case} = SQL_IC_LOWER;
$dbh->{f_ext} = '.lst';
$dbh->{f_dir} = '/data/web/adrmgr';
Those settings will result in looking for files matching
[Uu][Ss][Ee][Rr](\.lst)?$ in /data/web/adrmgr/. The scanning of the
directory /data/web/adrmgr/ and the pattern match check will be done
in DBD::File::DataSource::File by the complete_table_name method.
If you intend to provide other sources of data streams than files, in
addition to provide an appropriate complete_table_name method, a method
to open the resource is required:
package DBI::DBD::SqlEngine::DataSource;
sub open_data ($)
{
my ( $self, $meta, $attrs, $flags ) = @_;
...
}
After the method open_data has been run successfully, the table's meta
information are in a state which allowes the table's data accessor methods
will be able to fetch/store row information. Implementation details heavily
depends on the table implementation, whereby the most famous is surely
DBD::File::Table.
DBI::DBD::SqlEngine currently supports two SQL engines: SQL::Statement and DBI::SQL::Nano::Statement_. DBI::SQL::Nano supports a very limited subset of SQL statements, but it might be faster for some very simple tasks. SQL::Statement in contrast supports a much larger subset of ANSI SQL.
To use SQL::Statement, you need at least version 1.401 of
SQL::Statement and the environment variable DBI_SQL_NANO must not
be set to a true value.
You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
perldoc DBI::DBD::SqlEngine
You can also look for information at:
For questions about installation or usage, please ask on the dbi-dev@perl.org mailing list.
If you have a bug report, patch or suggestion, please open a new report ticket on CPAN, if there is not already one for the issue you want to report. Of course, you can mail any of the module maintainers, but it is less likely to be missed if it is reported on RT.
Report tickets should contain a detailed description of the bug or enhancement request you want to report and at least an easy way to verify/reproduce the issue and any supplied fix. Patches are always welcome, too.
Thanks to Tim Bunce, Martin Evans and H.Merijn Brand for their continued support while developing DBD::File, DBD::DBM and DBD::AnyData. Their support, hints and feedback helped to design and implement this module.
This module is currently maintained by
H.Merijn Brand < h.m.brand at xs4all.nl > and Jens Rehsack < rehsack at googlemail.com >
The original authors are Jochen Wiedmann and Jeff Zucker.
Copyright (C) 2009-2013 by H.Merijn Brand & Jens Rehsack Copyright (C) 2004-2009 by Jeff Zucker Copyright (C) 1998-2004 by Jochen Wiedmann
All rights reserved.
You may freely distribute and/or modify this module under the terms of either the GNU General Public License (GPL) or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file.
the DBI manpage, the DBD::File manpage, the DBD::AnyData manpage and the DBD::Sys manpage.
| DBI::DBD::SqlEngine - Base class for DBI drivers without their own SQL engine |