MIME::Words - deal with RFC 2047 encoded words

NAME

MIME::Words - deal with RFC 2047 encoded words

SYNOPSIS

Before reading further, you should see the MIME::Tools manpage to make sure that you understand where this module fits into the grand scheme of things. Go on, do it now. I'll wait.

Ready? Ok...

    use MIME::Words qw(:all);
    ### Decode the string into another string, forgetting the charsets:
    $decoded = decode_mimewords(
          'To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>',
          );
    ### Split string into array of decoded [DATA,CHARSET] pairs:
    @decoded = decode_mimewords(
          'To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>',
          );
    ### Encode a single unsafe word:
    $encoded = encode_mimeword("\xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");
    ### Encode a string, trying to find the unsafe words inside it:
    $encoded = encode_mimewords("Me and \xABFran\xE7ois\xBB in town");

DESCRIPTION

Fellow Americans, you probably won't know what the hell this module is for. Europeans, Russians, et al, you probably do. :-).

For example, here's a valid MIME header you might get:

      From: =?US-ASCII?Q?Keith_Moore?= <moore@cs.utk.edu>
      To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>
      CC: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andr=E9_?= Pirard <PIRARD@vm1.ulg.ac.be>
      Subject: =?ISO-8859-1?B?SWYgeW91IGNhbiByZWFkIHRoaXMgeW8=?=
       =?ISO-8859-2?B?dSB1bmRlcnN0YW5kIHRoZSBleGFtcGxlLg==?=
       =?US-ASCII?Q?.._cool!?=

The fields basically decode to (sorry, I can only approximate the Latin characters with 7 bit sequences /o and 'e):

      From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
      To: Keld J/orn Simonsen <keld@dkuug.dk>
      CC: Andr'e  Pirard <PIRARD@vm1.ulg.ac.be>
      Subject: If you can read this you understand the example... cool!

PUBLIC INTERFACE

decode_mimewords ENCODED
Function. Go through the string looking for RFC 2047-style ``Q'' (quoted-printable, sort of) or ``B'' (base64) encoding, and decode them.

In an array context, splits the ENCODED string into a list of decoded [DATA, CHARSET] pairs, and returns that list. Unencoded data are returned in a 1-element array [DATA], giving an effective CHARSET of undef.

    $enc = '=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>';
    foreach (decode_mimewords($enc)) {
        print "", ($_->[1] || 'US-ASCII'), ": ", $_->[0], "\n";
    }

In a scalar context, joins the ``data'' elements of the above list together, and returns that. Warning: this is information-lossy, and probably not what you want, but if you know that all charsets in the ENCODED string are identical, it might be useful to you. (Before you use this, please see unmime in the MIME::WordDecoder manpage, which is probably what you want.)

In the event of a syntax error, $@ will be set to a description of the error, but parsing will continue as best as possible (so as to get something back when decoding headers). $@ will be false if no error was detected.

Any arguments past the ENCODED string are taken to define a hash of options:

encode_mimeword RAW, [ENCODING], [CHARSET]
Function. Encode a single RAW ``word'' that has unsafe characters. The ``word'' will be encoded in its entirety. 
    ### Encode "<<Franc,ois>>":
    $encoded = encode_mimeword("\xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");

You may specify the ENCODING ("Q" or "B"), which defaults to "Q". You may specify the CHARSET, which defaults to iso-8859-1.

encode_mimewords RAW, [OPTS]
Function. Given a RAW string, try to find and encode all ``unsafe'' sequences of characters: 
    ### Encode a string with some unsafe "words":
    $encoded = encode_mimewords("Me and \xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");

Returns the encoded string. Any arguments past the RAW string are taken to define a hash of options:

Charset
Encode all unsafe stuff with this charset. Default is 'ISO-8859-1', a.k.a. ``Latin-1''.

Encoding
The encoding to use, "q" or "b". The default is "q".

Warning: this is a quick-and-dirty solution, intended for character sets which overlap ASCII. It does not comply with the RFC 2047 rules regarding the use of encoded words in message headers. You may want to roll your own variant, using encode_mimeword(), for your application. Thanks to Jan Kasprzak for reminding me about this problem.

SEE ALSO

the MIME::Base64 manpage, the MIME::QuotedPrint manpage, the MIME::Tools manpage

For other implementations of this or similar functionality (particularly, ones with proper UTF8 support), see:

the Encode::MIME::Header manpage, the MIME::EncWords manpage, the MIME::AltWords manpage

At some future point, one of these implementations will likely replace MIME::Words and MIME::Words will become deprecated.

NOTES

Exports its principle functions by default, in keeping with MIME::Base64 and MIME::QuotedPrint.

AUTHOR

Eryq (eryq@zeegee.com), ZeeGee Software Inc (http://www.zeegee.com). Dianne Skoll (dfs@roaringpenguin.com) http://www.roaringpenguin.com

All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

Thanks also to...

      Kent Boortz        For providing the idea, and the baseline
                         RFC-1522-decoding code!
      KJJ at PrimeNet    For requesting that this be split into
                         its own module.
      Stephane Barizien  For reporting a nasty bug.
 MIME::Words - deal with RFC 2047 encoded words