| Net::FTP - FTP Client class |
Net::FTP - FTP Client class
use Net::FTP;
$ftp = Net::FTP->new("some.host.name", Debug => 0)
or die "Cannot connect to some.host.name: $@";
$ftp->login("anonymous",'-anonymous@')
or die "Cannot login ", $ftp->message;
$ftp->cwd("/pub")
or die "Cannot change working directory ", $ftp->message;
$ftp->get("that.file")
or die "get failed ", $ftp->message;
$ftp->quit;
Net::FTP is a class implementing a simple FTP client in Perl as
described in RFC959. It provides wrappers for the commonly used subset of the
RFC959 commands.
If the IO::Socket::IP manpage or the IO::Socket::INET6 manpage is installed it also provides
support for IPv6 as defined in RFC2428.
And with the IO::Socket::SSL manpage installed it provides support for implicit FTPS
and explicit FTPS as defined in RFC4217.
The Net::FTP class is a subclass of Net::Cmd and (depending on avaibility) of IO::Socket::IP, IO::Socket::INET6 or IO::Socket::INET.
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a way of transferring files between networked machines. The protocol defines a client (whose commands are provided by this module) and a server (not implemented in this module). Communication is always initiated by the client, and the server responds with a message and a status code (and sometimes with data).
The FTP protocol allows files to be sent to or fetched from the
server. Each transfer involves a local file (on the client) and a
remote file (on the server). In this module, the same file name
will be used for both local and remote if only one is specified. This
means that transferring remote file /path/to/file will try to put
that file in /path/to/file locally, unless you specify a local file
name.
The protocol also defines several standard translations which the file can undergo during transfer. These are ASCII, EBCDIC, binary, and byte. ASCII is the default type, and indicates that the sender of files will translate the ends of lines to a standard representation which the receiver will then translate back into their local representation. EBCDIC indicates the file being transferred is in EBCDIC format. Binary (also known as image) format sends the data as a contiguous bit stream. Byte format transfers the data as bytes, the values of which remain the same regardless of differences in byte size between the two machines (in theory - in practice you should only use this if you really know what you're doing). This class does not support the EBCDIC or byte formats, and will default to binary instead if they are attempted.
HOST is the
name of the remote host to which an FTP connection is required.
HOST is optional. If HOST is not given then it may instead be
passed as the Host option described below.
OPTIONS are passed in a hash like fashion, using key and value pairs.
Possible options are:
Host - FTP host to connect to. It may be a single scalar, as defined for
the PeerAddr option in the IO::Socket::INET manpage, or a reference to
an array with hosts to try in turn. The host method will return the value
which was used to connect to the host.
Firewall - The name of a machine which acts as an FTP firewall. This can be
overridden by an environment variable FTP_FIREWALL. If specified, and the
given host cannot be directly connected to, then the
connection is made to the firewall machine and the string @hostname is
appended to the login identifier. This kind of setup is also referred to
as an ftp proxy.
FirewallType - The type of firewall running on the machine indicated by
Firewall. This can be overridden by an environment variable
FTP_FIREWALL_TYPE. For a list of permissible types, see the description of
ftp_firewall_type in the Net::Config manpage.
BlockSize - This is the block size that Net::FTP will use when doing transfers. (defaults to 10240)
Port - The port number to connect to on the remote machine for the FTP connection
SSL - If the connection should be done from start with SSL, contrary to later
upgrade with starttls.
SSL_* - SSL arguments which will be applied when upgrading the control or data connection to SSL. You can use SSL arguments as documented in the IO::Socket::SSL manpage, but it will usually use the right arguments already.
Timeout - Set a timeout value in seconds (defaults to 120)
Debug - debug level (see the debug method in the Net::Cmd manpage)
Passive - If set to a non-zero value then all data transfers will
be done using passive mode. If set to zero then data transfers will be
done using active mode. If the machine is connected to the Internet
directly, both passive and active mode should work equally well.
Behind most firewall and NAT configurations passive mode has a better
chance of working. However, in some rare firewall configurations,
active mode actually works when passive mode doesn't. Some really old
FTP servers might not implement passive transfers. If not specified,
then the transfer mode is set by the environment variable
FTP_PASSIVE or if that one is not set by the settings done by the
libnetcfg utility. If none of these apply then passive mode is
used.
Hash - If given a reference to a file handle (e.g., \*STDERR),
print hash marks (#) on that filehandle every 1024 bytes. This
simply invokes the hash() method for you, so that hash marks
are displayed for all transfers. You can, of course, call hash()
explicitly whenever you'd like.
LocalAddr - Local address to use for all socket connections. This argument will be passed to the super class, i.e. the IO::Socket::INET manpage or the IO::Socket::IP manpage.
Domain - Domain to use, i.e. AF_INET or AF_INET6. This argument will be passed to the IO::Socket super class. This can be used to enforce IPv4 even with the IO::Socket::IP manpage which would default to IPv6. Family is accepted as alternative name for Domain.
If the constructor fails undef will be returned and an error message will be in $@
Unless otherwise stated all methods return either a true or false value, with true meaning that the operation was a success. When a method states that it returns a value, failure will be returned as undef or an empty list.
Net::FTP inherits from Net::Cmd so methods defined in Net::Cmd may
be used to send commands to the remote FTP server in addition to the methods
documented here.
Net::FTP uses the Net::Netrc
package to lookup the login information for the connected host.
If no information is found then a login of anonymous is used.
If no password is given and the login is anonymous then anonymous@
will be used for password.
If the connection is via a firewall then the authorize method will
be called with no arguments.
new already because they are needed for
data connections too.
starttls is usually only done to protect the authorization.
LEVELs ``C'' (clear) and ``P'' (private) are supported.
authorize uses Net::Netrc to do a lookup.
Returns most significant digit of the response code.
Hint: If both server and client machines use the same line ending for text files, then it will be faster to transfer all files in binary mode.
OLDNAME to NEWNAME. This
is done by sending the RNFR and RNTO commands.
FILENAME.
$dir. If
$dir is "..", the FTP CDUP command is used to attempt to
move up one directory. If no directory is given then an attempt is made
to change the directory to the root directory.
DIR. If RECURSE is true then
rmdir will attempt to delete everything inside the directory.
DIR. If RECURSE is true then
mkdir will attempt to create all the directories in the given path.
Returns the full pathname to the new directory.
SIZE argument represents the size of the file in bytes. The
RECORD_SIZE argument indicates a maximum record or page size for files
sent with a record or page structure.
The size of the file will be determined, and sent to the server automatically for normal files so that this method need only be called if you are transferring data from a socket, named pipe, or other stream not associated with a normal file.
DIR, or the current directory.
In an array context, returns a list of lines returned from the server. In a scalar context, returns a reference to a list.
DIR, or the current directory in long format.
In an array context, returns a list of lines returned from the server. In a scalar context, returns a reference to a list.
REMOTE_FILE from the server and store locally. LOCAL_FILE may be
a filename or a filehandle. If not specified, the file will be stored in
the current directory with the same leafname as the remote file.
If WHERE is given then the first WHERE bytes of the file will
not be transferred, and the remaining bytes will be appended to
the local file if it already exists.
Returns LOCAL_FILE, or the generated local file name if LOCAL_FILE
is not given. If an error was encountered undef is returned.
LOCAL_FILE may be a name or a filehandle.
If LOCAL_FILE is a filehandle then REMOTE_FILE must be specified. If
REMOTE_FILE is not specified then the file will be stored in the current
directory with the same leafname as LOCAL_FILE.
Returns REMOTE_FILE, or the generated remote filename if REMOTE_FILE
is not given.
NOTE: If for some reason the transfer does not complete and an error is returned then the contents that had been transferred will not be remove automatically.
STOU command.
Returns the name of the file on the server.
Returns REMOTE_FILE, or the generated remote filename if REMOTE_FILE
is not given.
STOU command.
NOTE: The size reported is the size of the stored file on the remote server. If the file is subsequently transferred from the server in ASCII mode and the remote server and local machine have different ideas about ``End Of Line'' then the size of file on the local machine after transfer may be different.
if ($ftp->feature( 'MDTM' )) {
# Do something
}
if (grep { /\bTLS\b/ } $ftp->feature('AUTH')) {
# Server supports TLS
}
The following methods can return different results depending on
how they are called. If the user explicitly calls either
of the pasv or port methods then these methods will
return a true or false value. If the user does not
call either of these methods then the result will be a
reference to a Net::FTP::dataconn based object.
NLST command to the server, with an optional parameter.
nlst but using the LIST command
FILE from the remote server.
FILE is the
name of the new file that should be created.
stor but using the STOU command. The name of the unique
file which was created on the server will be available via the unique_name
method after the data connection has been closed.
FILE. If this file does not exist then create it.
If for some reason you want to have complete control over the data connection,
this includes generating it and calling the response method when required,
then the user can use these methods to do so.
However calling these methods only affects the use of the methods above that
can return a data connection. They have no effect on methods get, put,
put_unique and those that do not require data connections.
PORT (IPv4) or EPRT (IPv6) command to the server. If PORT is
specified then it is sent to the server. If not, then a listen socket is created
and the correct information sent to the server.
pasv for IPv4, epsv for IPv6).
Returns the text that represents the port on which the server is listening, this
text is in a suitable form to send to another ftp server using the port or
eprt method.
The following methods can be used to transfer files between two remote servers, providing that these two servers can connect directly to each other.
DEST_FILE is omitted then the leaf name of SRC_FILE will be used.
pasv_xfer but the file is stored on the remote server using
the STOU command.
Net::FTP object for the non-passive server passed as an
argument.
Returns most significant digit of the response code.
WARNING This call should only be used on commands that do not require data connections. Misuse of this method can hang the connection.
Some of the methods defined in Net::FTP return an object which will
be derived from the Net::FTP::dataconn class. See the Net::FTP::dataconn manpage for
more details.
The following RFC959 commands have not been implemented:
When reporting bugs/problems please include as much information as possible. It may be difficult for me to reproduce the problem as almost every setup is different.
A small script which yields the problem will probably be of help. It would
also be useful if this script was run with the extra options Debug => 1
passed to the constructor, and the output sent with the bug report. If you
cannot include a small script then please include a Debug trace from a
run of your program which does yield the problem.
Graham Barr <gbarr@pobox.com>.
Steve Hay <shay@cpan.org> is now maintaining libnet as of version 1.22_02.
the Net::Netrc manpage, the Net::Cmd manpage, the IO::Socket::SSL manpage
ftp(1), ftpd(8), RFC 959, RFC 2428, RFC 4217 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc959.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2428.txt http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4217.txt
For an example of the use of Net::FTP see
autoftp is a program that can retrieve, send, or list files via
the FTP protocol in a non-interactive manner.
Henry Gabryjelski <henryg@WPI.EDU> - for the suggestion of creating directories recursively.
Nathan Torkington <gnat@frii.com> - for some input on the documentation.
Roderick Schertler <roderick@gate.net> - for various inputs
Copyright (C) 1995-2004 Graham Barr. All rights reserved.
Copyright (C) 2013-2017 Steve Hay. All rights reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself, i.e. under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License, as specified in the LICENCE file.
| Net::FTP - FTP Client class |